"fern" meaning in Old Irish

See fern in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈɸʲern̪/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Welsh gwern). Cognate with Old Armenian գերան (geran). Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*wernā}} Proto-Celtic *wernā, {{cog|cy|gwern}} Welsh gwern, {{cog|xcl|գերան}} Old Armenian գերան (geran) Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||genitive|fernae|||||||nominative plural|ferna||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|altform=|cat2=|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} fern f (genitive fernae, nominative plural ferna), {{sga-noun|f|fernae|ferna}} fern f (genitive fernae, nominative plural ferna) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-a-fem|feirn|gen_sg=fernae}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=feirn+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=ferna+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=feirn+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=ā-f|dat_du=fernaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=fernaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=feirn+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=fern+L|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=fern+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_sg=fernae+H|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=feirn+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=ferna+H|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=fern+L|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=feirn+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=ferna+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=fern+L|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation}} Forms: fernae [genitive], ferna [nominative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], fern [nominative, singular], feirn [dual, nominative], ferna [nominative, plural], fern [singular, vocative], feirn [dual, vocative], ferna [plural, vocative], feirn [accusative, singular], feirn [accusative, dual], ferna [accusative, plural], fernae [genitive, singular], fern [dual, genitive], fern [genitive, plural], feirn [dative, singular], fernaib [dative, dual], fernaib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], fern [error-unrecognized-form], ḟern [error-unrecognized-form]
  1. alder Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-fern-sga-noun-vy0TwJyn
  2. shield (made of alder wood) Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-fern-sga-noun-SIok-PHX Categories (other): Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries, Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Trees Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 0 0 1 4 79 12 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 0 3 88 7 2 Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 5 79 12 4 Disambiguation of Trees: 7 68 20 6
  3. pole, stake Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-fern-sga-noun-IOEjAJO9
  4. the letter F Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-fern-sga-noun-bStUZQsh
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "fearnóg"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "fearn"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Manx",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "farney"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "feàrna"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wernā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wernā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwern"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwern",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գերան"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian գերան (geran)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Welsh gwern). Cognate with Old Armenian գերան (geran).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fernae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferna",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fern",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feirn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fern",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feirn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feirn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feirn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fernae",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fern",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fern",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feirn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fernaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fernaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fern",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḟern",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "nominative plural",
        "14": "ferna",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "fernae",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "fern f (genitive fernae, nominative plural ferna)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "fernae",
        "3": "ferna"
      },
      "expansion": "fern f (genitive fernae, nominative plural ferna)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "feirn",
        "gen_sg": "fernae"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "feirn+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "ferna+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "feirn+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "ā-f",
        "dat_du": "fernaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "fernaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "feirn+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "fern+L",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "fern+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "fernae+H",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "feirn+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "ferna+H",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "fern+L",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "feirn+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "ferna+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "fern+L",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "alder"
      ],
      "id": "en-fern-sga-noun-vy0TwJyn",
      "links": [
        [
          "alder",
          "alder"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 1 4 79 12 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 3 88 7 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 79 12 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 68 20 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Trees",
          "orig": "sga:Trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "shield (made of alder wood)"
      ],
      "id": "en-fern-sga-noun-SIok-PHX",
      "links": [
        [
          "shield",
          "shield"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pole, stake"
      ],
      "id": "en-fern-sga-noun-IOEjAJO9",
      "links": [
        [
          "pole",
          "pole"
        ],
        [
          "stake",
          "stake"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the letter F"
      ],
      "id": "en-fern-sga-noun-bStUZQsh",
      "links": [
        [
          "F",
          "F"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɸʲern̪/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fern"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish feminine nouns",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old Irish ā-stem nouns",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "sga:Trees"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Irish",
          "lang_code": "ga",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
          ],
          "word": "fearnóg"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "fearn"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Manx",
      "lang_code": "gv",
      "word": "farney"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "feàrna"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wernā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wernā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwern"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwern",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գերան"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian գերան (geran)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Welsh gwern). Cognate with Old Armenian գերան (geran).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fernae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferna",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fern",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feirn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fern",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feirn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feirn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feirn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ferna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fernae",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fern",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fern",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "feirn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fernaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fernaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fern",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḟern",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "nominative plural",
        "14": "ferna",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "fernae",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "altform": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "fern f (genitive fernae, nominative plural ferna)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "fernae",
        "3": "ferna"
      },
      "expansion": "fern f (genitive fernae, nominative plural ferna)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "feirn",
        "gen_sg": "fernae"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "feirn+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "ferna+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "feirn+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "ā-f",
        "dat_du": "fernaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "fernaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "feirn+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "fern+L",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "fern+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "fernae+H",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "feirn+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "ferna+H",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "fern+L",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "feirn+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "ferna+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "fern+L",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "alder"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "alder",
          "alder"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "shield (made of alder wood)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "shield",
          "shield"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pole, stake"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pole",
          "pole"
        ],
        [
          "stake",
          "stake"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the letter F"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "F",
          "F"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɸʲern̪/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fern"
}

Download raw JSONL data for fern meaning in Old Irish (4.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: fern/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "fern"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "fern",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
  "path": [
    "fern"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "fern",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "fern"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "fern",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (96027d6 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.